{"id":10629,"date":"2024-03-11T16:11:20","date_gmt":"2024-03-11T15:11:20","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/blog\/tuzijatek-mukodese\/"},"modified":"2025-10-16T21:39:41","modified_gmt":"2025-10-16T19:39:41","slug":"functionarea-jocului-de-foc","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/ro\/blog\/tuzijatek-mukodese\/","title":{"rendered":"Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 artificiile \u2013 10 lucruri pe care trebuie s\u0103 le \u0219tii despre ele (+Video)"},"content":{"rendered":"<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acest articol v\u0103 ajut\u0103 s\u0103 arunca\u021bi o privire \u00een culise \u0219i s\u0103 \u00een\u021belege\u021bi procesele chimice care se ascund \u00een spatele luminilor, sunetelor \u0219i culorilor orbitoare. Iat\u0103 cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 diferitele tipuri de artificii.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 artificiile, bombele pirotehnice \u0219i celelalte produse pirotehnice?<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><strong>Spectacolul impresionant \u0219i plin de culori al focurilor de artificii este creat de diverse reac\u021bii chimice, iar acestea pot fi de mai multe tipuri. \u00cen continuare, v\u0103 prezent\u0103m cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 bombele de artificii \u0219i alte produse pirotehnice.<\/strong><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-full\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0001-1024x683-1.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11506\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0001-1024x683-1.webp 1024w, https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0001-1024x683-1-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0001-1024x683-1-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0001-1024x683-1-600x400.webp 600w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Unul dintre cele mai r\u0103sp\u00e2ndite tipuri de artificii comerciale func\u021bioneaz\u0103 similar rachetelor. Utilizatorul aprinde fitilul, care ajunge la baza artificiului, activ\u00e2nd \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura propulsiv\u0103 realizat\u0103 din praf de pu\u0219c\u0103 negru. Gazele fierbin\u021bi \u0219i energia rezultate din aceasta propulseaz\u0103 artificiul din tub, care a fost umplut cu mici bile decorative (stele). Acestea determin\u0103 culoarea, aspectul \u0219i forma artificiului.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Un fitil temporizat care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 propor\u021bional cu \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea focului de artificii <strong>activeaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura exploziv\u0103<\/strong>, eliber\u00e2nd stelele, care creeaz\u0103 culori, sunete \u0219i alte efecte uimitoare.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aspectul diferit al focurilor de artificii depinde de tipul \u0219i dimensiunea stelelor, inclusiv de <strong>cele care con\u021bin s\u0103ruri metalice,<\/strong> care con\u021bin culori str\u0103lucitoare, precum \u0219i diverse compu\u0219i chimici care produc efecte luminoase spectaculoase, cum ar fi efectele stroboscopice \u0219i sc\u00e2nteietoare.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Anumite stele produc \u0219i efecte sonore speciale, cum ar fi cloratul de potasiu, care genereaz\u0103 o explozie mai puternic\u0103, sau bismutul, care produce un efect de trosnet sau pocnitur\u0103. Atunci c\u00e2nd se proiecteaz\u0103 un foc de artificii unic, substan\u021bele chimice sunt introduse \u00een tub, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t se poate ob\u021bine o ardere lent\u0103 \u0219i sunete ascu\u021bite.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dar s\u0103 analiz\u0103m mai \u00een detaliu fiecare tip de focuri de artificii.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Petarde \u0219i artificii<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Petardele \u0219i artificiile sunt probabil cele mai populare dou\u0103 produse pirotehnice. \u00cen continuare, vom prezenta separat modul \u00een care func\u021bioneaz\u0103 acestea.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Petarde<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen limbajul cotidian, se obi\u0219nuie\u0219te s\u0103 se numeasc\u0103 \u201epetarde\u201d \u0219i artificiile de tip bomb\u0103, de\u0219i, \u201eoficial\u201d, termenul de \u201epetard\u0103\u201d se refer\u0103 exclusiv la cele mai mici \u0219i mai mari <\/span><b>care emite un sunet puternic<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> le numim produse.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Exist\u0103 petarde luminoase care, la explozie, produc \u0219i un efect luminos. \u00cenc\u0103rc\u0103tura lor exploziv\u0103 este un compus pe baz\u0103 de clorat \u0219i pulbere metalic\u0103, care poate produce un efect sonor mai intens.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen multe \u021b\u0103ri, utilizarea de c\u0103tre popula\u021bie a acestui tip de petarde este deja interzis\u0103. Un alt tip de petarde este fabricat cu \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 exploziv\u0103 din praf negru. Efectul sonor al acestora este mai pu\u021bin puternic. \u00cen Germania, de exemplu, doar utilizarea acestui tip de petarde este permis\u0103 persoanelor fizice.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Majoritatea oamenilor folosesc petardele pentru efectul sonor pe care \u00eel produc, iar \u00een func\u021bie de acesta, ele pot fi \u00eemp\u0103r\u021bite \u00een mai multe categorii:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de 60 de decibeli<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">de 80 de decibeli<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">120 de decibeli<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Aceasta din urm\u0103 poate provoca cu u\u0219urin\u021b\u0103 leziuni auditive permanente \u2013 chiar \u0219i surditate.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">La fel ca multe alte artificii, \u0219i petarda este o inven\u021bie chinez\u0103. La \u00eenceput, se umpleau felii sub\u021biri de tulpin\u0103 de bambus cu praf de pu\u0219c\u0103, la cap\u0103tul c\u0103rora se fixa o fitil scurt (denumit \u00een limbajul comun \u201efitil\u201d).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Componentele petardei:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">1. fitil<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">2. cap de aprindere<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">3. gips<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">4. exploziv<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">5. \u00eent\u00e2rziere<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">6. combustibil<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">7. duz\u0103<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">8. copert\u0103<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Este important s\u0103 re\u021binem c\u0103, de\u0219i \u00een \u021b\u0103rile vecine nu este a\u0219a,<\/span> <a href=\"https:\/\/www.police.hu\/hu\/hirek-es-informaciok\/legfrissebb-hireink\/kozrendvedelem\/a-pirotechnikai-eszkozok-nem-jatekok\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">dar <\/span><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen Ungaria este interzis\u0103 folosirea petardelor<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\"> \u2013 at\u00e2t s\u0103 de\u021bin\u0103, c\u00e2t \u0219i s\u0103 utilizeze. Cine folose\u0219te petarde \u00een ciuda interdic\u021biei comite o contraven\u021bie \u0219i poate fi sanc\u021bionat cu o amend\u0103 de p\u00e2n\u0103 la 150.000 de forin\u021bi.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Foc de artificii<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mul\u021bi numesc \u201estropitoarea de stele\u201d sora mai mic\u0103 a focurilor de artificii. Dup\u0103 aprindere, aceasta \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tie sc\u00e2ntei care se \u00eempr\u0103\u0219tie \u00eentr-adev\u0103r \u00een acela\u0219i mod ca \u0219i focurile de artificii care tocmai explodeaz\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Pe vremuri, era foarte la mod\u0103 s\u0103 at\u00e2rni stelu\u021be luminoase pe bradul de Cr\u0103ciun ca decora\u021biuni \u0219i s\u0103 le aprinzi.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Durata de func\u021bionare depinde de lungimea proiectorului de stele.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Modul de realizare a artificiilor:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Firele \u021bint\u0103 care constituie baza lansatorului de stele sunt introduse \u00eentr-o ma\u0219in\u0103 de sortare;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">ca, odat\u0103 cu mi\u0219carea ma\u0219inii, firele s\u0103 cad\u0103 paralel \u00eentr-o re\u021bea;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">nitratul de bariu, care asigur\u0103 arderea artificiului, se amestec\u0103 cu acid boric, care are o reac\u021bie chimic\u0103 neutr\u0103, \u0219i cu f\u0103in\u0103 de porumb;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">apoi se adaug\u0103 ap\u0103 \u0219i pilitur\u0103 de fier \u2013 aceasta din urm\u0103 confer\u0103 culoarea artificiului;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00een final, se adaug\u0103 \u0219i pulberea de aluminiu \u00een compozi\u021bie;<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">apoi se acoper\u0103 firele cu masa ob\u021binut\u0103 \u00een acest fel.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen func\u021bie de tipul baghetei, se repet\u0103 procesul de \u00eenmuiere pentru a ob\u021bine grosimea dorit\u0103 a artificiului. \u00centre fiecare \u00eenmuiere, se las\u0103 s\u0103 se usuce u\u0219or masa \u00eenc\u0103 maleabil\u0103, iar dup\u0103 ultima \u00eenmuiere (de obicei se \u00eenmoaie de 2 sau 3 ori), amestecul aplicat pe baghet\u0103 se las\u0103 s\u0103 se usuce complet.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Artificiile disponibile \u00een Ungaria sunt fabricate \u00een fabrici din China, \u00een diverse forme \u0219i dimensiuni. Cele mai populare sunt cele cu fire drepte de 16, 28, 40, 55 \u0219i 70 cm, sau, dintre cele figurative, cele \u00een form\u0103 de brad, inim\u0103 sau stea.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Bombe pirotehnice<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Mai jos po\u021bi citi prezentarea celor mai populare produse pirotehnice. Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 modul de func\u021bionare \u0219i instruc\u021biunile succinte de utilizare, vei g\u0103si \u0219i idei de utilizare \u00een descrierea fiec\u0103rui produs.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Bombe spirale<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bombele sferice sunt bile de h\u00e2rtie umplute cu stelu\u021be \u0219i praf negru. Stelu\u021bele, realizate din praf str\u0103lucitor, sunt introduse \u00een jum\u0103t\u0103\u021bile bilei de h\u00e2rtie t\u0103iate \u00een dou\u0103 \u0219i sunt \u00eenconjurate de praf negru. Apoi, cele dou\u0103 p\u0103r\u021bi ale bilei\/bombei sunt r\u0103sucite una \u00een cealalt\u0103 \u0219i legate de mai multe ori \u00een jurul lor, din toate direc\u021biile, cu benzi puternice de h\u00e2rtie. Astfel se men\u021bine integritatea structurii sale.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e2nd fitilul este aprins, acesta declan\u0219eaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura propulsiv\u0103 montat\u0103 la baza bombei, care arunc\u0103 bomba \u00een aer. Capul de aprindere temporizat din interiorul bombei se aprinde, declan\u0219\u00e2nd \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura exploziv\u0103, ceea ce face ca \u00eenveli\u0219ul s\u0103 explodeze, iar stelele colorate s\u0103 ard\u0103 \u00eentr-o ploaie str\u0103lucitoare de sc\u00e2ntei.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Bombe de etaj<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bombele \u00een cascad\u0103 sunt mai complexe \u0219i func\u021bioneaz\u0103 \u00een dou\u0103 sau trei etape. Practic, sunt mai multe bombe sferice de aceea\u0219i dimensiune a\u0219ezate una peste alta, iar \u00eentre ele se afl\u0103 un fitil temporizat care asigur\u0103 propagarea focului. Astfel, prin decalarea temporar\u0103 a deton\u0103rii, bombele pot exploda una dup\u0103 alta.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acestea pot con\u021bine stele de diferite culori \u0219i compozi\u021bii, pentru a ob\u021bine diverse efecte. Unele proiectile con\u021bin exploziv, conceput astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t s\u0103 scoat\u0103 un zgomot de pocnitur\u0103 sau un fluierat \u00een cer atunci c\u00e2nd explodeaz\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h3 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Func\u021bionarea altor produse pirotehnice<\/b><\/h3>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Bombe fumigene<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Produc fumigene colorate \u0219i sunt folosite adesea \u00een timpul zilei. Sunt disponibile \u00een diverse culori. Cele mai frecvente sunt ro\u0219u, verde, alb, negru \u0219i albastru.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"682\" height=\"1024\" src=\"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0003-1-682x1024.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11435\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0003-1-682x1024.webp 682w, https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0003-1-200x300.webp 200w, https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0003-1-768x1153.webp 768w, https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0003-1-1023x1536.webp 1023w, https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0003-1-600x901.webp 600w, https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0003-1.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 682px) 100vw, 682px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Este folosit cu pl\u0103cere la \u0219edin\u021be foto, meciuri de fotbal \u0219i petreceri.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Lum\u00e2n\u0103ri romane<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lum\u00e2narea roman\u0103 este un tip tradi\u021bional de artificii, format dintr-un singur tub \u00een care au fost presate mai multe focuri. De obicei, putem cump\u0103ra tor\u021be romane cu 5-20 de focuri. Cu c\u00e2t tubul este mai gros, cu at\u00e2t con\u021bine mai mult amestec pirotehnic, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t ne putem a\u0219tepta la un spectacol mai impresionant.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Artificiile de calibru mic lanseaz\u0103 stele mai modeste, bile colorate sau d\u00e2re. Cele mai mari pot produce efecte variate, care, la explozie, deschid cerul cu stele frumoase.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Lum\u00e2narea roman\u0103 trebuie fixat\u0103 pe un st\u00e2lp sau o tij\u0103, sau introdus\u0103 \u00eentr-o \u021beav\u0103 fix\u0103, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t cap\u0103tul prev\u0103zut cu fitilul de aprindere s\u0103 fie orientat spre cer. St\u00e2nd \u00een lateral, aprinde\u021bi fitilul, iar dup\u0103 o \u00eent\u00e2rziere de 5-8 secunde, din gura de foc vor ie\u0219i focuri succesive.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00centre focuri, observ\u0103m adesea c\u0103 uneori trece doar o clip\u0103, iar alteori chiar \u0219i 5-7 secunde; de aceea, chiar \u0219i atunci c\u00e2nd avem impresia c\u0103 nu mai trage, trebuie s\u0103 a\u0219tept\u0103m \u00eenc\u0103 cel pu\u021bin o jum\u0103tate de minut \u00eenainte de a-l scoate din suport.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Sunt folosite cu pl\u0103cere de Revelion, la nun\u021bi, concerte, festivaluri, evenimente sportive, anivers\u0103ri \u0219i evenimente municipale.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Rachete<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Rachetele sunt produse pirotehnice alc\u0103tuite dintr-un b\u0103\u021b de ghidare din lemn \u0219i un corp de rachet\u0103. De obicei, acestea trebuie lansate din sticl\u0103, din corpuri cilindrice stabile sau din tuburile de plastic ata\u0219ate pachetelor.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n<div class=\"wp-block-image\">\n<figure class=\"aligncenter size-large\"><img loading=\"lazy\" decoding=\"async\" width=\"1024\" height=\"683\" src=\"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0004-1-1024x683.webp\" alt=\"\" class=\"wp-image-11505\" srcset=\"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0004-1-1024x683.webp 1024w, https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0004-1-300x200.webp 300w, https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0004-1-768x512.webp 768w, https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0004-1-600x400.webp 600w, https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/wp-content\/uploads\/tuzijatek-0004-1.webp 1200w\" sizes=\"auto, (max-width: 1024px) 100vw, 1024px\" \/><\/figure>\n<\/div>\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Func\u021bionarea sa este fascinant\u0103. \u00cenainte de a se ridica \u00een aer ca o rachet\u0103 adev\u0103rat\u0103, \u00een mijlocul unui zgomot puternic, arunc\u0103 sc\u00e2ntei de foc sub ea, apoi sunetul devine un \u0219uierat \u0219i se \u00eenal\u021b\u0103 \u00een aer chiar sub ochii no\u0219tri.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<figure class=\"wp-block-embed is-type-video is-provider-youtube wp-block-embed-youtube wp-embed-aspect-16-9 wp-has-aspect-ratio\"><div class=\"wp-block-embed__wrapper\">\n<iframe loading=\"lazy\" title=\"RP47 | Pachetul de rachete Merlin\" width=\"500\" height=\"281\" src=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/embed\/eFvVRav7Prs?feature=oembed\" frameborder=\"0\" allow=\"accelerometer; autoplay; clipboard-write; encrypted-media; gyroscope; picture-in-picture; web-share\" referrerpolicy=\"strict-origin-when-cross-origin\" allowfullscreen><\/iframe>\n<\/div><\/figure>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Putem urm\u0103ri traseul s\u0103u chiar \u0219i \u00een timpul ascensiunii, iar odat\u0103 ce ajunge la \u00een\u0103l\u021bimea de explozie, acesta se sparge \u0219i ne dezv\u0103luie compozi\u021bia splendid\u0103 pe care o con\u021bine. \u00cel recomand cu c\u0103ldur\u0103 celor c\u0103rora le place s\u0103 lanseze artificii. Se lanseaz\u0103 c\u00e2te unul, astfel \u00eenc\u00e2t mai mul\u021bi s\u0103 poat\u0103 \u00eencerca \u0219i s\u0103 se bucure de emo\u021bia aprinderii.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Ca \u00eencurajare, iat\u0103 un scurt ghid de utilizare:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Scoatem racheta din ambalaj, apoi \u00eendep\u0103rt\u0103m capacul din plastic de pe partea inferioar\u0103 a capului rachetei printr-o mi\u0219care lateral\u0103 puternic\u0103. Sub acesta se afl\u0103 fitilul de aprindere. Unele rachete nu au un astfel de capac; \u00een acest caz, fitilul de aprindere este clar vizibil.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u0219eza\u021bi racheta \u00eentr-un pahar sau \u00eentr-un tub de dimensiuni potrivite pentru tija de ghidare, apoi, st\u00e2nd \u00een picioare, aprinde\u021bi fitilul. Dup\u0103 o \u00eent\u00e2rziere de 5-8 secunde, partea \u201emotor\u201d a rachetei \u00eencepe s\u0103 arunce sc\u00e2ntei pe sol, apoi propulseaz\u0103 racheta \u00een aer.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Grupul juc\u0103riilor pirotehnice cuprinde o mare varietate de tipuri de produse. Voi vorbi pe scurt despre cele mai cunoscute dintre acestea.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Utilizarea artificiilor este extrem de variat\u0103: Revelionul, s\u0103rb\u0103torile na\u021bionale, logodna \u0219i nunta, evenimentele sportive, concertele, festivalurile, precum \u0219i evenimentele private \u0219i s\u0103rb\u0103torile de familie.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Turbine terestre<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se \u00eenv\u00e2rt pe sol \u0219i emit fl\u0103c\u0103ri colorate \u0219i sc\u00e2ntei. A\u0219ezat pe un sol neted, se \u00eenv\u00e2rte pe sol \u0219i produce un efect de artificii (sc\u00e2ntei, efecte luminoase).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>De obicei, se folose\u0219te la \u00eent\u00e2lniri restr\u00e2nse, la petreceri de familie sau la zilele de na\u0219tere ale copiilor.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Rotori de decolare<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Acest produs pirotehnic este denumit \u00een limbajul popular \u201efluture\u201d sau \u201ez\u00fcm\u201d. De obicei, aspectul lor seam\u0103n\u0103 cu cel al fluturilor: au dou\u0103 aripi \u0219i, \u00eentre ele, un corp cilindric. La cap\u0103tul corpului cilindric se afl\u0103 fitilul de aprindere.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">A\u0219eza\u021bi-le pe un teren neted (este important s\u0103 fie foarte neted), iar dup\u0103 aprindere, produsele se vor roti pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt \u0219i se vor ridica \u00een aer. Unele dintre ele vor oferi un spectacol sau vor exploda.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>La fel ca \u00een cazul titirezului de pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt<\/b> <b>Se folose\u0219te la \u00eent\u00e2lniri restr\u00e2nse, la petreceri de familie \u0219i la zilele de na\u0219tere ale copiilor.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Maz\u0103re cu coaj\u0103 tare<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen limbajul popular, se nume\u0219te \u201e\u00f6rd\u00f6gpatron\u201d. Se ambaleaz\u0103 \u00een pungi, amestecat cu rumegu\u0219. Aceste \u201eboabe\u201d mici trebuie aruncate pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt, unde, \u00eenso\u021bite de un efect luminos u\u0219or, produc o pocnitur\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Se folose\u0219te cu pl\u0103cere mai ales de Revelion \u0219i de Halloween. .<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h4 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Aparate de pr\u0103jit<\/b><\/h4>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Se cunosc dou\u0103 forme principale de manifestare:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">bile verzi,<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">sau bomboane mici, cu ambalaj str\u0103lucitor \u0219i colorat.<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u0218i, uneori, putem \u00eent\u00e2lni \u0219i forme mai lungi, sub form\u0103 de f\u00e2\u0219ii de h\u00e2rtie.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Indiferent de modelul pe care \u00eel folosim, pe fiecare dintre ele se vede clar fitilul, pe care trebuie s\u0103-l aprindem, iar produsul trebuie a\u0219ezat pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt.  Apoi \u2013 a\u0219a cum sugereaz\u0103 \u0219i numele \u2013 pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 efectul luminos, pe p\u0103m\u00e2nt vor s\u0103ri mici pocnitori.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Pe l\u00e2ng\u0103 petrecerile de Revelion, este folosit cu pl\u0103cere la concerte, parade \u0219i evenimente private.<\/b><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Anatomia unui foc de artificii<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Mortier<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Acest cilindru \u00eenalt re\u021bine cartu\u0219ul p\u00e2n\u0103 \u00een momentul lans\u0103rii.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Hei<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: De obicei, acesta are forma unui glob de h\u00e2rtie \u00eemp\u0103turit \u00een dou\u0103. Este plin de stele, concepute pentru a produce un anumit efect pe cer. Partea inferioar\u0103 a proiectilului con\u021bine o \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 de propulsie care \u00eel propulseaz\u0103 din mojar.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Fitil<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Acest fitil conduce c\u0103ldura pentru activarea prafului de pu\u0219c\u0103.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>\u00cenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 de ridicare<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Aceast\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 se afl\u0103 la baza proiectilului \u0219i este alc\u0103tuit\u0103 din praf de pu\u0219c\u0103. C\u00e2nd se aprinde, propulseaz\u0103 proiectilul din lansator spre cer.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Praf de pu\u0219c\u0103 negru<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Praful de pu\u0219c\u0103, inventat \u00een China cu peste 1000 de ani \u00een urm\u0103, este compus din 75% azotat de potasiu (salpetru), 15% c\u0103rbune de lemn \u0219i 10% sulf.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Fitil cu temporizator<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Acest fitil activeaz\u0103 \u00eenc\u0103rc\u0103tura exploziv\u0103 din focul de artificii.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>\u00cenc\u0103rc\u0103tur\u0103 exploziv\u0103<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Se afl\u0103 \u00een centrul cartu\u0219ului \u0219i are rolul de a aprinde stelele din focul de artificii.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><b>Stele<\/b><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">: Aceste bile mici sunt fabricate din substan\u021be chimice, cum ar fi s\u0103ruri metalice pulverizate. C\u00e2nd se aprind, produc <a href=\"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/ro\/blog\/jocuri-de-nunta\/\" data-wpil-monitor-id=\"3\">focuri de artificii speciale<\/a> efectele sonore \u0219i luminoase.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>De ce depinde culoarea focurilor de artificii?<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stelele din interiorul artificiilor sunt realizate din s\u0103ruri metalice, care sunt combina\u021bii sub form\u0103 de pulbere \u00eentre metale \u0219i al\u021bi compu\u0219i chimici.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">C\u00e2nd stelele se aprind, particulele metalice (din s\u0103rurile metalice) absorb o cantitate uria\u0219\u0103 de energie. Pe m\u0103sur\u0103 ce \u00eencep s\u0103 se r\u0103ceasc\u0103, particulele emit aceast\u0103 energie \u00een exces sub form\u0103 de lumin\u0103. Culoarea acestei lumini depinde de tipul metalului:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<ul class=\"wp-block-list\">\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stron\u021biu: Ro\u0219u<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Calciu: Portocaliu<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Sodiu: Galben<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Bariu: Verde<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Cupru: Albastru<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Stri\u021biu + Cupru: Violet<\/span><\/li>\n\n\n\n<li><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Magneziu, aluminiu + titan: Alb<\/span><\/li>\n<\/ul>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Curiozitate:<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><em><strong>Primele focuri de artificii \u2014 \u00een China, \u00een timpul dinastiei Song (960\u20131279) \u2014 erau realizate din praf de pu\u0219c\u0103 \u00eenf\u0103\u0219urat \u00een tuburi lungi \u0219i \u00eenguste de bambus. Se credea c\u0103 zgomotul produs alung\u0103 spiritele rele!<\/strong><\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n<h2 class=\"wp-block-heading\"><b>Pune \u00een practic\u0103 cuno\u0219tin\u021bele tale despre artificii<\/b><\/h2>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">\u00cen acest articol am prezentat \u00een detaliu modul de func\u021bionare \u0219i utilizarea diferitelor produse pirotehnice (artificii).<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Artificiile sunt generate de diverse reac\u021bii chimice \u0219i exist\u0103 numeroase tipuri, cum ar fi rachetele, mortierele, petardele \u0219i multe altele. \u00cen acest articol am explicat \u00een detaliu cum func\u021bioneaz\u0103 aceste artificii \u0219i cum creeaz\u0103 efectele uimitoare de lumin\u0103 \u0219i sunet pe cer.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dac\u0103 \u00ee\u021bi vine cheful s\u0103 te joci cu artificiile, arunc\u0103 o privire la<\/span>\u00a0<a href=\"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/ro\/magazin\/\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">articole pirotehnice \u00een magazinul nostru online<\/span><\/a><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">, unde po\u021bi g\u0103si o gam\u0103 variat\u0103 de produse pirotehnice pentru diverse ocazii \u0219i nevoi.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Este \u00eens\u0103 important ca, atunci c\u00e2nd folosim orice produs pirotehnic, s\u0103 respect\u0103m normele de siguran\u021b\u0103. Pentru c\u0103, doar pentru c\u0103 am citit un articol detaliat despre func\u021bionarea produselor pirotehnice, asta nu \u00eenseamn\u0103 c\u0103 devenim pirotehnicieni.<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Vino s\u0103 descoperi lumea fascinant\u0103 a focurilor de artificii \u0219i s\u0103 te bucuri de magia luminilor \u0219i a sunetelor la urm\u0103torul eveniment sau la urm\u0103toarea s\u0103rb\u0103toare!<\/span><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\">Dac\u0103 nu vrei s\u0103 ratezi alte con\u021binuturi interesante, urm\u0103re\u0219te-ne pe <a href=\"https:\/\/www.facebook.com\/vippiro\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Facebook,<\/a>&nbsp;<a href=\"http:\/\/www.instagram.com\/vippiro_fireworks\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Insta<\/a> pagina noastr\u0103, <a href=\"https:\/\/www.tiktok.com\/@vippirotzjtk\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">TikTok<\/a> \u0219i <a href=\"https:\/\/www.youtube.com\/@vippirotuzijatek\" target=\"_blank\" rel=\"noopener\">Canalul nostru de YouTube!<\/a><\/p>\n\n\n\n<p class=\"wp-block-paragraph\"><span style=\"font-weight: 400;\">Dac\u0103 ai vreo \u00eentrebare, trimite-mi un mesaj sau las\u0103 un comentariu!<\/span><\/p>","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"<p>Ez a cikk seg\u00edt a kulissz\u00e1k m\u00f6g\u00e9 l\u00e1tni, \u00e9s meg\u00e9rteni a k\u00e1pr\u00e1zatos f\u00e9nyek, hangok \u00e9s sz\u00ednek m\u00f6g\u00f6tt rejl\u0151 k\u00e9miai folyamatokat. \u00cdme a k\u00fcl\u00f6nf\u00e9le t\u0171zij\u00e1t\u00e9k t\u00edpusok m\u0171k\u00f6d\u00e9s k\u00f6zben. Hogyan m\u0171k\u00f6dik a t\u0171zij\u00e1t\u00e9k, a t\u0171zij\u00e1t\u00e9k bomba \u00e9s a t\u00f6bbi pirotechnikai term\u00e9k? A t\u0171zij\u00e1t\u00e9kok leny\u0171g\u00f6z\u0151, sz\u00ednes l\u00e1tv\u00e1ny\u00e1t k\u00fcl\u00f6nb\u00f6z\u0151 k\u00e9miai reakci\u00f3k hozz\u00e1k l\u00e9tre, \u00e9s sz\u00e1mos t\u00edpusuk l\u00e9tezik. Az al\u00e1bbiakban [&hellip;]<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1054,"featured_media":10402,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"_acf_changed":false,"footnotes":""},"categories":[360],"tags":[],"class_list":["post-10629","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-tuzijatek-hasznalata"],"acf":[],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10629","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1054"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=10629"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10629\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":11507,"href":"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/10629\/revisions\/11507"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/10402"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=10629"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=10629"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/vippiro.hu\/ro\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=10629"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}